JLPT N4 Grammar Explained: Complete Guide for Beginners
Preparing for the JLPT N4 is a crucial step for students moving from basic Japanese to more natural and practical communication. At this level, learners start using polite forms, expressive structures, descriptive sentences, and detailed explanations. A strong foundation in JLPT N4 Grammar enhances your reading, listening, and speaking abilities, making communication smoother and more accurate. Many students search online for a complete JLPT N4 grammar list, but most resources are either incomplete or hard to follow. This comprehensive JLPT N4 Grammar Guide consolidates all major grammar patterns, example sentences, meanings, usage tips, common mistakes, and practice suggestions. Suitable for beginners, self-learners, and exam aspirants, it also includes worksheets, quizzes, verb forms, and particle rules. For extra guidance, TLS in Laxmi Nagar offers structured JLPT N4 coaching.
What is JLPT N4 Grammar?
JLPT N4 Grammar includes intermediate beginner-level grammar forms used in everyday life. These grammar points help you speak politely, explain reasons, express your thoughts, describe daily actions, share experiences, and talk about plans. JLPT N5 Grammar
You will commonly see these grammar patterns in:
- Daily conversations
- JLPT reading passages
- Listening test dialogues
- Short stories and messages
- Simple social situations
Some important JLPT N4 grammar points include:
- ～と思う
- ～でしょう
- ～てみる
- ～たことがある
- ～なければならない
- ～たり～たりする
- ～ので
- ～ながら
- ～そうです
- ～つもり
- ～予定
Each grammar point will be explained in detail with examples so you can use them correctly in the exam. JLPT N5 Grammar
Complete JLPT N4 Grammar List
Preparing for the JLPT N4 requires a solid understanding of grammar patterns used in everyday conversations, reading passages, and listening exercises. The following structured JLPT N4 grammar list covers all essential patterns required for the exam. Each category is explained with purpose and examples to help you use them effectively in sentences. JLPT N4 Grammer
1. Expressing Thoughts and Opinions
These patterns are used to share personal opinions, predictions, or beliefs:
- ～と思う (to omou) – Used to express what you think.
Example: 明日は雨だと思う。(I think it will rain tomorrow.) - ～でしょう (deshou) – Used to indicate probability or guess.
Example: 彼は来ないでしょう。(He probably won’t come.)
Mastering these patterns allows you to express ideas confidently in writing and speaking.
2. Giving and Receiving
These verbs indicate the direction of an action or favor between people:
- あげる (ageru) – To give something to someone.
- くれる (kureru) – To give something to the speaker.
- もらう (morau) – To receive something from someone.
Example: 友達に本をあげました。(I gave a book to my friend.)
3. Experience
Used to describe actions or events you have experienced:
- ～たことがある (ta koto ga aru) – Express past experiences.
Example: 日本に行ったことがあります。(I have been to Japan.)
This pattern helps convey experiences naturally in conversations.
4. Trying Something
Used when attempting an action for the first time:
- ～てみる (te miru) – Indicates trying something.
Example: このケーキを食べてみます。(I will try this cake.)
It emphasizes action done to explore or test something new.
5. Obligation and Necessity
These forms express duties, responsibilities, or requirements:
- ～なければならない (nakereba naranai) – Must do.
- ～なくてはいけない (nakute wa ikenai) – Also means must do.
Example: 宿題をしなければならない。(I must do my homework.)
They are essential for expressing rules, duties, and personal obligations.
6. Reason and Explanation
Used to give reasons or causes naturally:
- ～ので (node) – Provides a natural explanation.
- ～から (kara) – Another way to indicate reason.
Example: 雨なので出かけません。(I won’t go out because it’s raining.)
These help form logical, clear sentences.
7. Permission and Prohibition
Used to allow or forbid actions politely:
- ～てもいい (temo ii) – Permission.
- ～てはいけない (te wa ikenai) – Prohibition.
Example: ここで写真を撮ってもいいですか？(Is it okay to take photos here?)
8. Hearsay and Appearance
Used to indicate information received or appearances:
- ～そうです (sou desu) – Looks like / I heard that…
- ～らしい (rashii) – Hearsay or appearance.
Example: 雨が降るそうです。(I heard it will rain.)
9. Listing Actions
Used to describe multiple activities:
- ～たり～たりする (tari tari suru) – Lists examples of actions.
Example: 映画を見たり、本を読んだりしました。(I watched a movie and read a book.)
10. Simultaneous Actions
Indicates that two actions occur at the same time:
- ～ながら (nagara) – While doing…
Example: 音楽を聞きながら勉強します。(I study while listening to music.)
11. Future Intentions
Used to express plans, intentions, or future decisions:
- ～つもり (tsumori) – Intentions or plans.
Example: 日本語を勉強するつもりです。(I plan to study Japanese.) - ～予定 (yotei) – Scheduled or planned action.
Example: 来週旅行する予定です。(I plan to travel next week.)
12. Excessive Actions
Shows that an action or behavior is done excessively:
- ～すぎる (sugiru) – Too much / excessive.
Example: 食べすぎた。(I ate too much.)
This helps express exaggeration or overdoing in daily life.
13. Polite Requests
Used to make polite requests or ask favors:
- ～てくれませんか (te kuremasen ka) – Polite request.
- ～てもらえますか (te moraemasu ka) – Another polite form.
Example: これを手伝ってくれませんか？(Could you help me with this?)
14. Conditional Forms
Used to express “if” conditions:
- ～なら (nara) – If…
- ～たら (tara) – Conditional form.
Example: 雨が降ったら、出かけません。(If it rains, I won’t go out.)
15. Passive and Causative Basics
Basic forms for expressing actions done to someone or causing someone to act:
- Passive (受け身 / ukemi) – Action done to the subject.
- Causative (使役 / shieki) – Making or letting someone do an action.
Example Passive: 先生に褒められました。(I was praised by the teacher.)
Example Causative: 子供に本を読ませました。(I made the child read a book.)
This complete JLPT N4 grammar list covers everything essential for the exam. Understanding these patterns, practicing them with examples, and using JLPT N4 grammar worksheets will help learners build a strong foundation, improve reading and writing skills, and prepare effectively for JLPT N4. JLPT N5 Grammar
Key JLPT N4 Grammar Patterns and Usage
This section provides a detailed overview of the most important JLPT N4 grammar patterns, including their meanings, functions, and practical examples. Each pattern is explained clearly with sample sentences, usage notes, and context, helping learners understand how to apply these structures correctly in reading, writing, and speaking for effective communication and exam preparation.
1. ～と思う (I think…)
This grammar pattern is used to express your thoughts, personal opinions, predictions, guesses, or beliefs in sentences.
Pattern:
A + と思う
Example:
明日は寒いと思う。
I think tomorrow will be cold.
2. ～でしょう (probably)
This grammar pattern is used to make predictions or assumptions about a situation when the outcome is uncertain or likely.
Example:
彼は忙しいでしょう。
He is probably busy.
3. ～てみる (try doing)
This grammar structure is used to indicate that someone is trying or attempting an action or experience for the very first time.
Example:
この服を着てみる。
I will try wearing this dress.
4. ～たことがある (experience)
This grammar form is used to describe or talk about past experiences, events, or actions that someone has already done.
Example:
寿司を食べたことがあります。
I have eaten sushi before.
5. ～なければならない / ～なくてはいけない (must do)
This grammar structure is used to express obligations, duties, or requirements, indicating that someone must perform a specific action or task.
Example:
早く帰らなければならない。
I must go home early.
6. ～ので (because)
This grammar pattern is used to naturally explain reasons, causes, or motivations behind an action or situation, making sentences clear and contextually accurate.
Example:
雨なので外へ行きません。
Because it is raining, I won’t go outside.
7. ～たり～たりする (listing)
This grammar structure is used to list or mention multiple actions or activities that occur, often in no particular order.
Example:
映画を見たり買い物したりした。
I watched a movie and did some shopping.
8. ～ながら (while doing)
This grammar pattern is used to indicate that two actions occur simultaneously, showing that one action is happening while another action takes place
Example:
音楽を聞きながら勉強する。
I study while listening to music.
9. ～すぎる (too much)
This grammar structure is used to indicate that an action, behavior, or quality is excessive or done too much, emphasizing overdoing or surpassing normal limits.
Example:
飲みすぎた。
I drank too much.
10. ～つもり (intention)
This grammar pattern is used to express intentions, plans, or decisions about future actions, indicating what someone intends or expects to do in upcoming situations.
Example:
日本語をもっと勉強するつもりです。
I plan to study more Japanese.
JLPT N4 Verb Forms You Need to Know
To master JLPT N4 grammar rules, it is essential to understand key verb forms. These include the dictionary form, ます-form, ない-form, て-form, た-form, potential form, conditional form, basic passive, and causative forms. Mastering these forms ensures accurate sentence construction and exam readiness. Grammer
- Dictionary form
- ます-form
- ない-form
- て-form
- た-form
- Potential form
- Conditional form
- Passive basics
- Causative basics
Learning these verb forms helps you understand most JLPT N4 sentence structures.
JLPT N4 Particle Usage
Particles are one of the most important aspects of Japanese grammar, and mastering them is essential for constructing accurate and natural sentences. At the JLPT N4 level, students are expected to understand and use a variety of particles correctly in both spoken and written Japanese. Particles indicate relationships between words, show the role of a word in a sentence, and help express meaning, time, place, direction, cause, and other nuances.
Some of the most important N4-level particles include:
- に (ni): Indicates direction, location, or point in time.
- で (de): Indicates the place of action or means by which an action occurs.
- を (o/wo): Marks the direct object of a verb.
- へ (e): Shows direction or goal.
- と (to): Used to indicate “and” or to quote someone.
- から (kara): Means “from” or indicates reason/cause.
- まで (made): Means “until” or “up to.”
- ので (node): Expresses reason or cause in a natural way.
- とき (toki): Means “when,” used to indicate time of an action.
- し (shi): Used to list reasons or multiple qualities.
Understanding how to use these particles correctly is critical for forming accurate JLPT N4 sentence structures, as errors in particle usage can change the meaning of a sentence completely. For example, confusing に and で can make a sentence grammatically incorrect or unnatural. Similarly, using ので incorrectly might make the reason unclear.
At the N4 level, particles are not just markers—they are tools that connect ideas, clarify context, and help you express complex thoughts with simple grammar patterns. To gain mastery, students should practice constructing sentences using different particles, completing fill-in-the-blank exercises, and reviewing JLPT N4 grammar worksheets regularly. Over time, this will improve reading comprehension, listening accuracy, writing fluency, and overall communication skills in Japanese. JLPT N5 Grammer
JLPT N4 Grammar Practice and Worksheets
Practice is essential for mastering all JLPT N4 grammar points. The most effective methods include completing fill-in-the-blank exercises, correcting sentences, transforming verb forms, translating sentences, and taking mini quizzes. Consistent practice with worksheets and sample questions helps reinforce grammar patterns, improve accuracy, and build confidence for the JLPT N4 exam. JLPT N4 Grammer
Recommended Practice Methods
- Fill-in-the-blank exercises
- Sentence correction tasks
- Verb form transformation
- Grammar translation practice
- Mini quizzes
- JLPT-style grammar questions
Benefits of Worksheets
Using printable JLPT N4 grammar worksheets helps you:
- Improve writing skills
- Memorize patterns
- Recognize sentence structure
- Prepare for the exam format
If you want, I can prepare custom worksheets for you.
JLPT N4 Grammar Books
LPT N4 grammar: TRY! N4 provides clear explanations and exercises, while Shin Kanzen Master N4 offers detailed grammar points, practice questions, and example sentences. Both are highly recommended for mastering N4 grammar efficiently.
- TRY! Japanese Language Proficiency Test N4
- Shin Kanzen Master Grammar N4
- Genki II
- Minna no Nihongo II
These books contain exercises, explanations, and exam patterns.
JLPT N4 Grammar PDF
LPT N4 grammar PDF materials for easy revision. You can create your own PDF containing all essential grammar points, example sentences, particle usage, verb forms, and common patterns. This personalized JLPT N4 grammar PDF.
- JLPT N4 grammar list
- Example sentences
- Verb charts
- Particle lists
- Mini tests
- Worksheets
If you want a ready-made PDF, I can create one for you.
JLPT N4 Japanese Learning Tips
N4 Japanese grammar patterns: Practice regularly, focusing on 10–15 grammar points weekly. Use flashcards for vocabulary and particles, read short Japanese texts, watch beginner-friendly videos, and complete exercises. Take quizzes, revise mistakes, and gradually build confidence for the JLPT N4 exam.
- Practice 10 grammar points per week
- Use flashcards for vocabulary
- Read short Japanese stories
- Watch beginner-friendly Japanese videos
- Take regular quizzes
- Revise past mistakes
Consistent practice will help you achieve a good score.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- What grammar do I need to know for JLPT N4?
For JLPT N4, you need to master around 50 to 70 grammar points. These include expressing opinions, reasons, intentions, suggestions, conditions, and comparisons, as well as basic passive, causative, and volitional forms. The goal is to understand daily conversational Japanese and form longer sentences than N5. For example, the pattern ～と思う is used to express thoughts, as in 明日は雨が降ると思います (I think it will rain tomorrow). Similarly, ～たり～たりする is used to list actions, such as 週末は映画を見たり、買い物をしたりします (On weekends, I do things like watch movies and shop).
- How many grammar points are there in JLPT N4?
There are roughly 50 to 70 grammar points, depending on the study material. These include sentence patterns, verb forms, particle usage, and expressions necessary for intermediate Japanese comprehension. JLPT N1 Grammer
- Is JLPT N4 grammar difficult for beginners?
JLPT N4 is considered an intermediate beginner level. While it is more challenging than N5, it is manageable with consistent practice. The grammar focuses on everyday conversation, so if you practice speaking, reading, and writing, it becomes easier over time.
- What are the most important JLPT N4 grammar patterns?
Some of the most essential patterns include ～と思う to express thoughts or opinions, ～たり～たりする to list actions, ～ので for giving reasons, ～ながら to indicate two simultaneous actions, ～たことがある for past experiences, ～つもり for intentions, and ～なければならない for obligations. For example, 宿題をしなければならないので、遊びに行けません means "I have to do homework, so I can’t go out to play."
- How can I study JLPT N4 grammar effectively?
Effective methods include using worksheets and quizzes to test understanding, studying textbooks like TRY! N4 and Shin Kanzen Master N4, daily practice of writing and speaking sentences, flashcards or apps to memorize grammar points, and language exchange to apply grammar in real conversations.
- Which textbook is best for JLPT N4 grammar?
Two of the most popular choices are TRY! N4, which focuses on grammar points, reading, and exercises, and Shin Kanzen Master N4, which provides detailed explanations, example sentences, and practice questions.
- Where can I download JLPT N4 grammar PDF?
You can find PDFs from language learning blogs and websites, Japanese study forums, online communities like Reddit r/LearnJapanese, or Japanese learning centers like TLS, which may offer custom notes.
- What is the difference between JLPT N5 and N4 grammar?
N5 focuses on basic sentence structures, simple verbs, and elementary particles. N4 introduces more complex sentences, additional particles, verb forms, and expressions for reasons, intentions, and conditions. For example, N5 might use 日本語を勉強します (I study Japanese), whereas N4 could use 日本語を勉強するつもりです (I intend to study Japanese). JLPT N2 Grammer
- Does JLPT N4 grammar include complex verb forms?
Yes, N4 covers potential forms such as 食べられる (can eat), conditional forms like 雨が降ったら、行きません (If it rains, I won’t go), and basic passive and causative constructions such as 親に叱られた (was scolded by my parents).
- How long does it take to learn JLPT N4 grammar?
For most learners, 3 to 5 months of consistent daily study is enough to grasp N4 grammar. Beginners may take slightly longer, while advanced N5 learners could complete it in 2 to 3 months.
- What are the common JLPT N4 particles I need to know?
Key particles include が, を, に, で, と, から, まで, も, より, and など. For example, 学校に行きます means "I go to school," and 友達と話します means “I talk with my friend.”
- How can I remember JLPT N4 grammar easily?
You can use mnemonics and visual cues, write example sentences daily, practice with apps like Anki or Bunpro, and speak with a partner to reinforce active usage.
- Are there free JLPT N4 grammar resources online?
Yes, many websites provide free resources such as JLPT Sensei, Tae Kim’s Guide to Japanese, NHK Easy Japanese, and YouTube channels with grammar lessons.
- What JLPT N4 grammar patterns are tested most often?
Patterns like ～と思う for opinions, ～ので for reasons, ～たり～たりする for actions, ～たことがある for experiences, and ～なければならない for obligations appear frequently on exams.
- Can I pass JLPT N4 without studying grammar?
It is very unlikely. Grammar is essential for reading comprehension and listening sections, so proper study is critical.
- How many sentences should I practice for JLPT N4 grammar?
Practicing 300 to 500 sentences covering all grammar points is recommended. This helps with pattern recognition and speaking fluency.
- Does JLPT N4 require knowledge of kanji for grammar?
Yes, familiarity with around 300 to 400 basic kanji helps, as grammar is often tested within sentences that include kanji.
- Are there apps to practice JLPT N4 grammar?
Yes, apps like Bunpro provide structured grammar drills, Anki uses flashcards with spaced repetition, LingQ offers reading practice with grammar focus, and Human Japanese provides beginner-friendly explanations.
- How often should I practice JLPT N4 grammar?
Daily practice of 20 to 30 minutes is ideal. Frequent exposure improves retention, fluency, and reading comprehension.
- Which JLPT N4 grammar patterns express opinions?
Patterns like ～と思う and ～と言う are commonly used to express opinions and beliefs. For example, 明日は晴れると思います means “I think it will be sunny tomorrow.”
- What JLPT N4 grammar expresses intentions or plans?
Patterns like ～つもり, ～予定, and ～ようと思う express intentions, plans, or future actions. For instance, 来年、日本へ行くつもりです means "I plan to go to Japan next year."
- How do I practice JLPT N4 grammar in speaking?
You can use example sentences in daily conversation, record yourself speaking, participate in Japanese language meetups, or speak with a language exchange partner.
- How do JLPT N4 grammar patterns differ from N3?
N4 focuses on daily conversation and basic sentence structures, while N3 introduces more complex grammar, keigo, and formal expressions. N3 also requires a deeper understanding of nuance and compound sentence construction.
- Can JLPT N4 grammar help me in everyday Japanese?
Absolutely. Mastering N4 grammar allows you to express opinions, intentions, and experiences, talk about daily routines, and communicate effectively in shops, restaurants, and casual conversations.
- What is the best way to test my JLPT N4 grammar knowledge?
You can take mock tests and quizzes, use apps with grammar drills, write sentences using all grammar points, and check comprehension with reading exercises and listening tests. JLPT N3 Grammer
Conclusion
Mastering JLPT N4 Grammar is an essential milestone for every Japanese learner. By understanding grammar structures, verb forms, particle usage, and example sentences, you can easily score well in the exam and improve your communication skills. Regular practice, worksheets, quizzes, and revision will help you build confidence day by day.
This complete JLPT N4 Grammar Guide is designed to make your preparation simple, clear, and effective. If you need expert help, TLS – The Japanese Language School is available with structured classes, detailed notes, and mock tests.
If you'd like, I can also create a JLPT N4 Grammar PDF, worksheets, or practice test for you. Just tell me and I will prepare it.
TLS – The Japanese Language School
2/81-82, 2nd Floor, Lalita Park, Gali No - 2, Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi - 110092
Phone: +918700956038
Email: tls@teamlanguages.com
